The History of Cambridge Glass: Patterns and Evolution
Cambridge Glass Company, a name synonymous with American artistry and elegance, holds a significant place in the history of antique glassware. From its founding in 1903 to its closure in 1989, the company produced a stunning array of patterns that remain highly sought after by collectors today. Understanding the history of Cambridge Glass requires exploring its evolution through its various pattern releases, each reflecting the changing aesthetic tastes of the time.
Early Years: Floral Inspiration and Pressed Glass (1903-1920s)
Founded in Cambridge, West Virginia, the Cambridge Glass Company began by producing pressed glass, a popular and relatively inexpensive method of creating decorative glassware. Their early designs were heavily influenced by floral motifs, mirroring the Victorian and Edwardian fascination with nature. The "Floral Pattern" (c. 1903) is a prime example, showcasing intricate pressed flower designs. Other popular early patterns included "Cut Glass," demonstrating their early attempts at more elaborate cutting techniques, and "No. 146" which showcased beautiful pressed fruit and floral designs.
During this period, Cambridge Glass distinguished itself with its innovative use of color. While clear glass was standard, Cambridge experimented with subtle tints like Peach Bloom, Rose Dew, and Powder Blue, which added a unique appeal to their pieces.
The Height of Elegance: Cut Glass and Expanding Color Palettes (1920s-1950s)
The 1920s marked a shift towards more elaborate cut glass designs. Patterns like "Mount Pleasant" and "Rosalind" showcased intricate cutting, etching, and engraving, reflecting the Art Deco style that was sweeping the nation. The Great Depression impacted production, but Cambridge continued to innovate, introducing new colors like “Jadeite” (a popular celadon green) and “Blackberry.”
The post-World War II era saw a renewed focus on high-quality cut glass. "Crown Aco" (1947) remains a collector favorite, renowned for its heavy blank and complex cutting. Other significant patterns of this era included "Elkhorn" and “Briar.” Cambridge continued to expand its color palette, introducing “Wisteria” (a smoky lavender) and "Spring Olive."
Modern Designs and the Final Years (1950s-1989)
In the 1950s and 1960s, Cambridge attempted to cater to modern tastes with simpler, more streamlined designs. Patterns like “Solid Block” and “Paris” showcased cleaner lines and less elaborate cutting. While these patterns didn't achieve the same level of enduring popularity as the earlier, more ornate designs, they represent an important chapter in Cambridge's evolution.
The company faced increasing competition from overseas manufacturers in the 1970s and 1980s. Production slowed, and the company ceased operations in 1989. While short-lived in its final years, the legacy of Cambridge Glass continues to live on through the beauty and collectibility of its glassware.
Identifying Cambridge Glass: Key Features
Several key characteristics can help identify Cambridge Glass:
- Blank Style: The shape of the glass before cutting or decoration. Cambridge used a wide range of blanks.
- Cutting Patterns: Cambridge employed various cutting techniques, including cross-hatching, prism cuts, and bevels.
- Color: Recognizing Cambridge's unique color names like Jadeite, Wisteria, and Peach Bloom can aid in identification.
- Markings: While many pieces lack markings, some later pieces bear Cambridge’s logo.
Collecting Cambridge Glass Today
Collecting Cambridge Glass remains a rewarding hobby. While some patterns are common and relatively affordable, others, particularly those in desirable colors and with intricate cutting, can command high prices. Careful study of Cambridge Glass catalogs and reference books is essential for any serious collector.
