Milk Glass: History, Value, and Identifying Marks

Milk glass, also known as opaque glass or vaseline glass (due to its slight yellow tint), is a captivating type of antique glassware that holds a special place in the collecting world. Its unique appearance and interesting history make it a desirable find for antique enthusiasts and seasoned collectors alike.

What is Milk Glass?

Milk glass derives its name from its milky white or creamy appearance, reminiscent of milk. This opacity isn't achieved through colorants; instead, it results from the addition of tin oxide or other opacifiers to the molten glass during the manufacturing process. This process was first perfected in the mid-19th century.

A Brief History

The earliest examples of milk glass appeared around 1850 in England and France. The process quickly spread to the United States, with companies like Fenton, Adams & Company (later Cambridge Glass Company), and Imperial Glass Corporation becoming prominent manufacturers. Milk glass was incredibly popular in the late Victorian and early Edwardian eras, used for a wide range of items, from tableware to decorative pieces.

During World War I, milk glass production significantly decreased due to a shortage of tin, a crucial ingredient in its creation. This scarcity contributes to the relative rarity and increasing value of many antique milk glass pieces today.

Common Forms and Uses

Milk glass was produced in an astounding variety of forms, including:

• Tableware: Plates, bowls, creamers, sugar bowls, compotes, and serving pieces.
• Decorative Items: Figurines, vases, lamps, door knobs, and novelty pieces.
• Relish Dishes: Particularly popular and often elaborately decorated.
• Wedding Sets: Complete sets of tableware for newlyweds were a common gift.

Identifying Marks and Manufacturers

Identifying the manufacturer of a milk glass piece can be challenging, as many pieces lack clear markings. However, certain characteristics and markings are associated with specific companies:

• Fenton: Fenton is arguably the most recognized name in milk glass production. Early Fenton pieces often lack marks, but later pieces (from the 1930s onward) may bear the Fenton logo or the number “94” (referring to the factory's original furnace number).
• Cambridge Glass: Cambridge Glass often produced milk glass in elaborate patterns. Look for etched or molded marks, typically including the Cambridge name or logo.
• Imperial Glass: Imperial Glass pieces often have a stylized "IG" mark or a small circular mark.
• Dithridge Glass: Dithridge, though less common, also produced milk glass. Their marks are quite rare and often poorly defined.

Value and Condition

The value of antique milk glass depends on several factors:

• Rarity: Certain patterns and forms are significantly rarer than others.
• Condition: Pieces in excellent condition, free from chips, cracks, and repairs, command the highest prices.
• Pattern: Popular patterns like "Cherry Blossom," "Pressed Flowers," and "Swan" are highly sought after.
• Color: While primarily white, milk glass can also be found in shades of cream, yellow (vaseline glass), and even pastel hues. Vaseline glass, which glows under ultraviolet light, is particularly desirable.

Caring for Your Milk Glass

Milk glass is relatively durable, but proper care is essential to preserve its beauty:

• Avoid sudden temperature changes, which can cause cracking.
• Wash by hand with mild soap and warm water.
• Do not put milk glass in the dishwasher.
• Store carefully, wrapped in tissue paper or bubble wrap to prevent scratches.

Conclusion

Milk glass is a captivating collectible with a rich history and enduring appeal. Whether you're a seasoned collector or just beginning your antique glassware journey, learning to identify and appreciate milk glass offers a fascinating glimpse into the artistry and craftsmanship of a bygone era.